Leasing of federal geothermal resources

Pursuant to the Geothermal Steam Act of 1970 and the regulations published on December 21, 1973, the first Federal geothermal competitive lease sale was held on January 22, 1974, by the Department of the Interior, offering 33 tracts totalling over 50,000 acres in three Known Geothermal Resource Areas in California. On January 1, 1974, Federal lands outside Known Geothermal Resource Areas were opened to noncompetitive lease applications, of which, 3,763 had been received by June 1, 1974. During fiscal year 1974, a total of 22 competitive leases had been issued in California and Oregon. The principal components in the Department involved in the leasing program are the Geological Survey and the Bureau of Land Management. The former has jurisdiction over drilling and production operations and other activities in the immediate area of operations. The latter receives applications and issues leases and is responsible for managing leased lands under its jurisdiction outside the area of operations. The interrelationships of the above agencies and the procedures in the leasing program are discussed

Effect of hydraulic fluid (MIL-H-83282) on selected commercial O-ring compounds

Acrylonitrile and fluorocarbon compounds were evaluated at various temperatures and time intervals in samples of the fluid obtained from three qualified suppliers. It was concluded that both polymers can function in hydraulic fluids within the conditions defined by this study. Hydraulic fluid from each manufacturer was similar in its effect upon each given O-ring material, with one exception. Similarly, there were no striking differences in the resistance of O-rings of the same generic rubber type when provided by the different manufacturers

Would lower federal deficits increase U.S. farm exports?

Agriculture ; Exports

The Orientation of the Local Interstellar Magnetic Field

The orientation of the local interstellar magnetic field introduces asymmetries in the heliosphere that affect the location of heliospheric radio emissions and the streaming direction of ions from the termination shock of the solar wind. We combine observations of radio emissions and energetic particle streaming with extensive 3D MHD computer simulations of magnetic field draping over the heliopause to show that the plane of the local interstellar field is ~ 60-90 degrees from the galactic plane. This suggests that the field orientation in the Local Interstellar Cloud differs from that of a larger scale interstellar magnetic field thought to parallel the galactic plane

B(Ds^+ -> l^+ nu) and the Decay Constant f_(D_s^+)

I report final CLEO-c results on the purely leptonic decays of the D_s^+ -> l^+ nu, for the cases when l^+ is a mu^+ or tau^+, when it decays into pi^+ anti-nu, using 314/pb of data at 4.170 GeV. I also include preliminary results from the tau^+ -> e^+ nu anti-nu channel using 195/pb. Combining both we measure f_{D_s}= 275 +/- 10 +/- 5 MeV, and f_{D_s^+}/{f_{D^+}=1.24 +/- 0.10 =/- 0.03 .Comment: Presented at "The 2007 Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics," Manchester, England, 19-25 July 2007, to appear in the proceedings. Three pages, 1 figur

Review of available synchronization and time distribution techniques

The methods of synchronizing precision clocks will be reviewed placing particular attention to the simpler techniques, their accuracies, and the approximate cost of equipment. The more exotic methods of synchronization are discussed in lesser detail. The synchronization techniques that will be covered will include satellite dissemination, communication and navigation transmissions via VLF, LF, HF, UHF and microwave as well as commercial and armed forces television. Portable clock trips will also be discussed

The Ionic Charge State Composition at High Energies in Large Solar Energetic Particle Events in Solar Cycle 23

The ionic charge states of solar energetic particles (SEPs) depend upon the temperature of the source material and on the environment encountered during acceleration and transport during which electron stripping may occur. Measurements of SEP charge states at relatively high energies (≳15 MeV/nucleon) are possible with the Mass Spectrometer Telescope (MAST) on the Solar, Anomalous, and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer satellite by using the Earth's magnetic field as a particle rigidity filter. Using MAST data, we have determined ionic charge states of Fe and other elements in several of the largest SEP events of solar cycle 23. The charge states appear to be correlated with elemental abundances, with high charge states (~20 for Fe) for all elements in large Fe-rich events. We review the geomagnetic filter technique and summarize the results from MAST to date, with particular emphasis on new measurements in the very large 14 July 2000 SEP event. We compare the charge states determined by MAST with other measurements and with those expected from equilibrium calculations

The Effect of the Hall Term on the Nonlinear Evolution of the Magnetorotational Instability: I. Local Axisymmetric Simulations

The effect of the Hall term on the evolution of the magnetorotational instability (MRI) in weakly ionized accretion disks is investigated using local axisymmetric simulations. First, we show that the Hall term has important effects on the MRI when the temperature and density in the disk is below a few thousand K and between 10^13 and 10^18 cm^{-3} respectively. Such conditions can occur in the quiescent phase of dwarf nova disks, or in the inner part (inside 10 - 100 AU) of protoplanetary disks. When the Hall term is important, the properties of the MRI are dependent on the direction of the magnetic field with respect to the angular velocity vector \Omega. If the disk is threaded by a uniform vertical field oriented in the same sense as \Omega, the axisymmetric evolution of the MRI is an exponentially growing two-channel flow without saturation. When the field is oppositely directed to \Omega, however, small scale fluctuations prevent the nonlinear growth of the channel flow and the MRI evolves into MHD turbulence. These results are anticipated from the characteristics of the linear dispersion relation. In axisymmetry on a field with zero-net flux, the evolution of the MRI is independent of the size of the Hall term relative to the inductive term. The evolution in this case is determined mostly by the effect of ohmic dissipation.Comment: 31 pages, 3 tables, 12 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ, postscript version also available from http://www.astro.umd.edu/~sano/publications

Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat (SWOT) Analysis of the Adaptations to Anatomical Education in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland in Response to the Covid‐19 Pandemic

The Covid-19 pandemic has driven the fastest changes to higher education across the globe, necessitated by social distancing measures preventing any face to face teaching. This has led to an almost immediate switch to distance learning by higher education institutions. Anatomy faces some unique challenges. Intrinsically, anatomy is a three-dimensional subject that requires a sound understanding of the relationships between structures, often achieved by the study of human cadaveric material, models and virtual resources. This study sought to identify the approaches taken in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland to deliver anatomical education through online means. Data were collected from 14 different universities in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland and compared adopting a thematic analysis approach. Once themes were generated, they were collectively brought together using a strength, weakness, opportunity, threat (SWOT) analysis. Key themes included the opportunity to develop new online resources and the chance to engage in new academic collaborations. Academics frequently mentioned the challenge that time constrains could place on the quality and effectiveness of these resources; especially as in many cases the aim of these resources is to compensate for a lack of exposure to cadaveric exposure. Comparisons of the actions taken by multiple higher education institutions reveals the ways that academics have tried to balance this demand. Discussions will facilitate decisions being made by higher education institutions regarding adapting the curriculum and assessment methods in anatomy